Gynecology

Overview of Gynecology

We provide all of the gynecological services a lady could require in her lifetime at Marwar Zanana Hospital Hospitals. We take great satisfaction in our proficiency in the latest medical techniques and treatments.

Our team of experts has extensive knowledge and years of hard work under their belts. They frequently identify and treat problems related to discomfort and bleeding, uterine fibroids, incontinence, abnormal pap smears, and assist in the management of difficulties related to conception and the early stages of pregnancy.

Our diagnoses are the result of careful consideration, and specialists from several fields collaborate to provide their unique perspectives. As a result, a specialist in gynecologic oncology or reproductive endocrinology may find herself referring to a specialist in urogynecology, contributing to the pool of knowledge. This implies that you have the opportunity to receive the most thorough medical diagnosis available.

Women's Healthv

The Department of Gynecology at Marwar Zanana Hospital focuses on women's healthcare needs from youth through menopause and beyond.

We offer a secure and encouraging environment for women to access healthcare. We employ cutting-edge technology to treat all gynecological problems, and we support minimally invasive procedures that use it.

Services Provided and Processes We Follow

• • Comprehensive Gynecology
• • minimally invasive surgery for gynecology
• • counseling prior before conception
• • Gynecological urology
• • Preventive medical examinations
• • Fibroids

General Obstetrics

Summary

Our area of expertise is providing women with comprehensive care throughout their whole life. We provide excellent treatment and specialized care to meet the needs of all our patients, whether they are middle-aged women going through the postmenopausal phase, a young girl entering puberty, or a woman ready to become a mother. With the aid of the newest technology and protocols, we also provide the best-in-class skills for minimally invasive gynecological surgery.

Why is a visit to a gynecologist necessary?

• • erratic times
• • persistent pelvic discomfort
• • Difficult sexual relations
• • bleeding when having sex
• • Displacements or lumps in the vaginal area
• • Infertility or inability to become pregnant or conceive
• • erratic outburst

On the surface, the symptoms listed above might not appear to be extremely dangerous. They might, nevertheless, be indicators of a more serious underlying illness. The gynecologist will diagnose the patient according on their condition and may recommend additional tests such as a colposcopy, hysteroscopy, or ultrasound scan.

Conditions that gynecologists frequently treat include:

• • issues with menstruation, the menopause, fertility, and pregnancy
• • Sexually transmitted infections and diseases, or STIs and STDs
• • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, or PCOS
• • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, or PID
• • urinary tract infections, or UTIs
• • Endometriosis and additional long-term illnesses
• • Fetal and urinary incontinence
• • malfunction of the pelvic floor
• • Termination of pregnancy (legal)
• • tumors, both benign and malignant, in the female reproductive system
• • precancerous diseases such as cervical dysplasia and endometrial hyperplasia
• • anomalies that are born (in the female reproductive tract)

Why decide to become a mother?

Marwar Zanana Hospital's team of professionals has years of expertise providing healthcare to women and possesses a wide range of knowledge. Our gynecologists go to considerable lengths to provide you with carefully considered diagnoses for your issues.

Our specialists may assist with managing any complications during conception, early pregnancy, menopause, and treatment of pain and bleeding issues, uterine fibroids, urinary incontinence, and abnormal pap smears.

Additionally, pregnancy offers an early screening program that identifies fibroids before they worsen and become more complex. We use minimally invasive therapeutic methods, such as hytserolaparoscopy, which is a recent development and a great tool for identifying reproductive system disorders.

Overall, we provide specialized care that is backed by the newest developments in medical technology and infrastructure. We are pleased to answer any questions you may have.

Persistent Pelvic Pain

This is a discomfort that runs between the hips and beneath the belly button. If it persists for six months or more, it is regarded as chronic. It might be the result of an underlying illness or it might be a separate ailment. Regarding the feature, the pain may be sharp, dull, heavy, or cramping. It may occur after sexual activity, during urination, or after extended durations of sitting.

Chronic pelvic pain could be the result of multiple causes or it could be because of a single issue. For example, a woman could have endometriosis or interstitial cystitis or both. Endometriosis is a condition where the tissue that lines the womb (uterus) begins to grow outside of the uterus. Since it is deposited on the exterior, it cannot be discharged from the body during menstruation and remains in the abdomen, leading to painful cysts or bands of scar tissue.

In addition to affecting the bones, joints, and connective tissues, musculoskeletal disorders can also cause inflammation of the pubic joint, fibromyalgia, and stress in the pelvic floor muscles. A persistent infection that leaves scars and produces pain is known as pelvic inflammatory disease. After a hysterectomy, an unrecognized remnant of the ovary may exist. An additional source of lower abdominal weight or heaviness that could result in pain is a fibroid, a non-cancerous uterine tumor. In addition, cysts may be the cause of a bothersome bladder.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which can cause pelvic discomfort, constipation, diarrhea, and other stomach distress, is one of the possible additional conditions. Another possible explanation is Pelvic Congestion Syndrome, which is brought on by swollen varicose veins surrounding the uterus. Stress and emotional disturbances are examples of psychological variables that may contribute to persistent pelvic pain.

Pelvic pain, no matter what the source, should not be disregarded, especially if it lasts for a long time. Our team of gynecologists and specialists at Marwar Zanana Hospital Hospitals is most qualified to look into and determine the source of pain before suggesting the best course of action to guarantee relief.

Issues with Female Sexuality

Persistent or sporadic problems with sexual responsiveness, orgasm, desire, or pain that over time strain women in their relationships with their partners are known as sexual dysfunction or female sexuality disorders.

At some time in their lives, many women experience this phase of confronting problems related to their sexual function. It may happen just in specific circumstances or at various points in their lives.

The complex interaction of emotions, physiology, beliefs, lifestyle, experiences, and relationships culminates in the sexual response. Intention, arousal, or fulfillment all suffer from disturbances in one or more of these areas. The age, routine, mental state, physical condition, and other challenges that the person is dealing with all influence the course of treatment for this problem.

Typical signs and symptoms

The following are possible signs of sexual dysfunction:

• • Low sexual desire is a common symptom that refers to a lack of interest, desire, or willingness to have sex.
• • A woman with a sexual arousal disorder may be desirous of having sex but may find it difficult to become or stay arouse during the act.
• • An ongoing or sporadic problem experiencing an orgasm following desired sexual arousal and ongoing stimulation is known as orgasmic dysfunction.
• • Experiencing pain during vaginal touch or sexual stimulation is known as sexual pain condition.

Reasons

A number of variables frequently come together to cause dysfunction or sexual dissatisfaction:

• • Physical: Over time, sexual dysfunction can be brought on by medical disorders such multiple sclerosis, kidney failure, cancer, heart disease, and bladder issues. In addition, several blood pressure, antidepressant, chemotherapeutic, and antihistamine medications may lessen a person's desire for sexual activity and their body's capacity to have an orgasm.
• • Hormonal: When a woman enters menopause, her body produces less estrogen, which further alters her vaginal tissues and sexual arousal. Reduced estrogen also results in decreased blood flow to the pelvic region, which lessens feeling in the genital area and makes it take longer to build arousal and achieve an orgasm.
• • Psychological and social: Sexual dysfunction may worsen if sadness or anxiety go untreated. Long-term stress and a history of sexual abuse are two other factors. Concerns around conception and the additional physical responsibilities of becoming a mother may have comparable effects.

Hazard Contributors

The following elements may increase a woman's likelihood of experiencing sexual dysfunction:

• • Having depression or anxiety
• • illness affecting the blood vessels or heart
• • gynecological disorders such as infections, lichen sclerosus, or vulvovaginal atrophy
• • neurological disorders such as spinal cord damage and multiple sclerosis
• • Antidepressant or high blood pressure medication
• • Relationship stress that is psychological or emotional
• • Past history of sexual assault

Our staff of gynecologists and specialists at Marwar Zanana Hospital Hospitals is prepared to handle any problems you may encounter and is certain that they can suggest the best course of action to guarantee that you lead an active life. Make an appointment to come in for a consultation at a nearby center.

fibroids

Noncancerous growths in the uterus are called fibroids. Known medically as uterine fibroids, these are frequently discovered in women who are fertile. There is no documented case of uterine fibroids, myomas, or leiomyomas producing cancer, nor are they linked to an increased risk of uterine cancer.

Fibroids can range in size from the size of a seedling to a huge mass that causes the uterus to expand. One or more fibroids may be present in a woman at the same time. In certain severe cases, fibroids can grow inside the uterus to the point where they touch the rib cage, causing the patient to gain weight.

Vaginal Uterine Disorders

When the muscles and ligaments of the pelvic floor weaken and are unable to support the uterus as it ought to, uterine vaginal problems result. As a result, the uterus either projects out of or slides into the vagina.

Although women of any age can develop this medical problem, postmenopausal women who have had one or more vaginal deliveries are frequently affected.

Menstrual Disorders

Issues affecting a woman's regular menstrual cycle are referred to as menstrual disorders. These consist of excruciating cramps when bleeding, very heavy bleeding, or perhaps no bleeding at all.

Among the menstrual problems are:

• • Menstrual cramps that hurt (dysmenorrhea). The menstrual cycle itself is the cause of primary dysmenorrhea. Endometriosis or uterine fibroids are two conditions that can cause secondary dysmenorrhea.
• • Excessive bleeding or prolonged menstrual periods are examples of heavy bleeding, or menorrhagia.
• • Menstruation not occurring (amenorrhea) When a female does not start menstruating by the age of sixteen, it is considered primary amenorrhea. When periods that were previously regular halt for at least three months, secondary amenorrhea develops.
• • Menstrual periods that are more than 35 days apart are referred to as light or infrequent menstruation, or oligomenorrhea. Generally speaking, it is not a reason for alarm unless the periods are more than three months apart.

Endometriosis

Endometriosis: What is it?

About 85% of women in their reproductive phase report having at least one PMS symptom per month, according to research done by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Approximately 3–4% of the women in this group have serious issues that can occasionally be incapacitating, such as searing pain, painful cramps, heavy flow, etc. Endometriosis is one of these conditions.

Every month, the endometrial tissue lining the uterus degrades and is released during the menstrual flow. When endometrial tissue begins to proliferate outside of the uterus, endometriosis develops.

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a syndrome whose symptoms typically appear just before menstruation. A woman's emotions, behavior, and physical health are impacted by premenstrual syndrome, or PMS, on specific days of her menstrual cycle. Over 90% of women experience the symptoms of this extremely prevalent illness, although its exact causes are still unknown.

Unusual Bleeding

What is abnormal bleeding between periods and why does it occur?

This has numerous causes. Unexpected changes in lifestyle, stress, hormone fluctuations, fibroids, endometriosis, and the use of contraception can all be likely causes. If you see any unusual variations, you should schedule an appointment with a gynecologist right once.

Menopause

Menopause, a normal biological condition, signifies the end of the menstrual cycle. Menopause is essentially the natural decline of reproductive hormones, which signals the end of a woman's reproductive phase. This affects women between the ages of 40 and 50, and it is identified after a woman has gone 12 months without having her period.

Problems with the Pelvic Floor

Being a woman is not easy; in addition to taking care of the family, you also have to consider expanding your family. While giving birth is a beautiful and natural process, it also brings with it a host of physical changes that can occasionally be difficult for women to adjust to.

The alteration of the pelvic floor is one such modification. Naturally, one of the main causes of pelvic floor dysfunction or disorder is pregnancy and childbirth, but there are numerous additional reasons as well. Read it!

CYSTOCELE

A prolapsed bladder, often referred to as an anterior vaginal prolapse or cystocele, is a disorder in which the bladder falls out of its normal place in the pelvis and protrudes through the vaginal wall.

The muscles, ligaments, and connective tissues that make up the pelvic floors are in charge of supporting the bladder and other pelvic organs. Over time, the effort of delivery or prolonged straining can cause the ligaments that support the pelvic organs to deteriorate. In certain circumstances, the bladder may slide into the vagina and protrude lower than usual. When the pelvic floor becomes weak or when the pelvic floor is under excessive pressure, a cystocele develops.

Numerous factors that might put strain on the pelvic floor include:

• • Regularly performing heavy lifting
• • bronchitis or a chronic cough
• • Pregnancy and delivery via vagina
• • constricted bowel motions
• • Being overweight

An individual's chance of developing cystocele may be increased by heredity, obesity, hysterectomy, pregnancy, and childbirth.

Signs and symptoms

In mild cystocele situations, there won't be any noticeable indications or symptoms. Severe cases, however, will manifest the following symptoms and indicators:

• • Feeling of fullness or pressure in the pelvis and vagina
• • There are multiple instances where there is a noticeable or palpable tissue protrusion in the vagina.
• • severe pelvic pressure during coughing, bearing down, straining, or lifting large weights
• • Other issues include feeling as though the bladder hasn't been completely emptied after urinating, having trouble commencing a urine stream, and having to urinate or empty the bladder frequently.

These symptoms may go away while the people are lying down, but they are most noticeable when they are standing for extended periods of time.

Interventions

Cystocele, or anterior prolapse, is curable! For successful outcomes, nonsurgical treatment is sufficient in cases of mild to severe prolapse. In extreme situations, appropriate surgery must be carried out to maintain the vagina and other pelvic organs in their natural positions.

Make an appointment with our specialists at Marwar Zanana Hospital Hospitals if you are feeling pain, discomfort, trouble urinating, or any other symptoms. With the most skilled and knowledgeable professionals on our staff, we can quickly get you back on your feet by conducting an investigation, making a diagnosis, and advising you on the best course of action.

BOWEL INTERRUPTION

The inability of a person to regulate their bowel movement, which further results in stools passing out of the rectum unexpectedly, is known as bowel incontinence. This condition, also known as faecal incontinence, can range in severity from a small amount of gastric leakage to a total loss of control over one's bowel movements. Constipation, muscular or nerve injury (from aging or childbirth), or diarrhea are common reasons of bowel incontinence.

Bowel incontinence can occur momentarily during a period of diarrhea, but for some people, it can be extremely persistent or recurrent. Aside from this, those with passive incontinence—a condition in which they are unaware that they need to pass the stool—face the second kind of bowel incontinence. Other gastrointestinal disorders like gas, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation can coexist with bowel incontinence.

Reasons

An individual may have numerous reasons of bowel incontinence. This comprises:

Damage to the muscles: This can happen during childbirth, particularly if forceps are used, or if the mother has had an episiotomy.

Constipation: Prolonged constipation can cause the rectum to become dry and harden, forming a mass of feces that is unable to evacuate. Prolonged constipation can occasionally damage nerves, leading to incontinence of the bowel.

Nerve damage: When a nerve is damaged, its ability to detect stool in the rectum or regulate the anal sphincter is compromised, which can lead to bowel incontinence.

Rectocele: A condition in which a woman's rectum protrudes into her vagina and causes bowel movement

Diarrhea: Solid stool can be held in the colon and rectum more successfully than loose stool. This implies that loose feces that are observed during diarrhea may contribute to or exacerbate pre-existing bowel incontinence.

Taking Care of Incontinence

• • The likelihood of having bowel incontinence may be increased by a number of risk factors, such as advanced age, dementia, physical impairment, nerve injury, and gender. Nonetheless, with quantifiable steps, bowel incontinence can be prevented or improved in the individual, depending on the cause. This comprises:
• • To lessen constipation, up your physical activity level while maintaining a nutritious diet rich in fiber and plenty of water.
• • One may be able to prevent bowel incontinence by treating the underlying cause of diarrhea, such as an intestinal infection.
• • When the body is under stress during bowel movements, the anal sphincter muscle weakens or the nerves responsible for causing bowel movement damage is caused. Thus, it is imperative to minimize straining.

Please get in touch with our specialists at Marwar Zanana Hospital Hospitals if you have been dealing with bowel incontinence for a time. In order to help you lead a comfortable and active life, our team of specialists is well-equipped to look into the condition's source and offer advice on how to manage it with a healthy diet, exercise, and medicine.

Dysplasia of Lower Genital Tract

A woman with lower genital tract dysplasia will have anomalies in the vagina, vulva, and cervix, as well as other lower reproductive organs. Precancerous lesions or intraepithelial neoplasia are the terms used to describe these anomalies.

Cervical dysplasia: This is the medical name for the abnormal alteration on the surface of the cervix, which is the lower portion of the uterus that connects to the vagina.

dysfunction of the pelvic floor

Pelvic floor dysfunction is the medical name for the inability to control the muscles in your pelvic region. Every muscle and ligament in the pelvic area is a part of the pelvic floor. It functions as a sling to give the bladder, uterus, and rectum solid support in the pelvis. The ability to contract and relax the muscles in this area gives the person total control over urination, bowel movements, and sexual activity (especially for women).

When a woman has pelvic floor dysfunction, her muscles tighten more than they relax, making it harder for her to pass gas. This can cause discomfort, infection, and long-term colon damage if left untreated.

Signs and symptoms

Pelvic floor dysfunction is linked to a number of symptoms, the most prevalent of which are listed below.

• • painful urination or a persistent need to go to the bathroom
• • Bowel straining or constipation
• • discomfort in the pelvis or rectum
• • back discomfort in the lower back
• • Women may experience discomfort when having sex.
• • contractions in the pelvic muscle
• • pressure in the rectum or pelvic area

Reasons

The following are common causes of pelvic floor dysfunction; researchers are still striving to identify the exact cause. Doctors associate pelvic floor dysfunction with disorders that tear the pelvic muscles or the connective tissues.

• • Obesity after Childbirth
• • injury to the nerves
• • surgery on the pelvis
• • traumatic harm

Identification

It is best to see a specialist if you are suffering any of the symptoms, as there might be a more serious issue that requires medical treatment. The doctor will carefully review the patient's medical history and evaluate each symptom while making a diagnosis. Following the initial consultation, the physician will perform a physical examination to look for muscle weakness and knots or spasms.

A tiny sensing device called a perineometer is inserted into the vagina or rectum by doctors as part of an internal exam to measure contractions and control of the pelvic muscles. To find out if a person can contract and relax their pelvic muscles, another more intrusive method is to place electrodes on the perineum, which is the area between the scrotum and the anus or the vagina and the anus.

Handling

Treating pelvic floor dysfunction patients aims to improve control and facilitate simpler bowel movements by relaxing the pelvic floor muscles. It is not suggested to use methods like Kegel exercises, which require you to contract your muscles, if you want to see significant improvement in this issue. In addition to surgery, there are a number of less intrusive therapy methods available, like biofeedback. Your therapist will benefit from this technique as they can use specialized sensors to track how you contract or relax your pelvic muscles. After seeing every muscle contraction, the therapist can proceed with enhancing the patient's coordination.

Our staff of highly skilled and committed doctors at Marwar Zanana Hospital Hospitals is knowledgeable about a variety of gynecological and maternity-related issues that affect women and teenagers. Make an appointment with our specialist as soon as possible for a thorough examination, diagnosis, and treatment if you are having any symptoms pertaining to your abdomen, bowel movement, period, or urinary tract. Our goal is to support you in leading an active life.

Retractocele

A protrusion in the vaginal wall is called a posterior vaginal prolapse, also known as a rectocele, which happens when the thin tissue wall between the rectum and vagina collapses. Rectocele can arise from the compression of pelvic tissues during various events, such as childbirth. During the early stages, there wouldn't be any obvious symptoms or indicators. If it is substantial, though, there may be a visible protrusion of tissue through the vaginal opening, which can occasionally be unpleasant and uncomfortable.

Signs and symptoms

While a mild rectocele may not exhibit any symptoms, in more severe situations, the following signs and symptoms would be present:

• • swollen, soft tissue in the vagina that could peek through the entrance
• • Issues regarding the passage of stool
• • Fullness or pressure in the rectal area
• • sensation of the empty rectum following a bowel movement
• • addressing sexual issues such as humiliation or a sense of looseness in the vaginal tissue's tone

The inability to urinate

Loss of bladder control, or incontinence, is a common and frequently painful condition in social situations. This could result in a sudden impulse to go the restroom that one is unable to resist, or it could include the occasional trickle of pee when coughing or sneezing.

A multitude of factors can lead to incontinence. Urine leakage caused by strain on the bladder, such as from laughing, sneezing, coughing, lifting weights, etc., is known as stress incontinence. Demand An involuntary loss of pee occurs when there is an abrupt urge to urinate and it is not attended to. This condition is known as incontinence. It's also conceivable that you have frequent, even nighttime, urinal urges. This frequently results from diabetes, a neurological condition, or an infection.

Other forms include Overflow Incontinence, in which the bladder doesn't empty entirely and there is continuous pee dribbling. Functional incontinence is the state in which an individual's inability to use a wheelchair or other mobility aid prevents them from getting to the bathroom on time due to other health issues. When more than one condition is involved, the result is mixed continence.

There are several causes of urinary incontinence. Common ones include constipation, where firm stools may cause the nerves to become overactive and increase the frequency of urination, and UTIs (Urinary Tract Infections), where the bladder may get irritated and generate a strong urge.

Additional causes include childbirth, when a vaginal delivery can impair the muscles that regulate the bladder nerves and supporting tissue, and pregnancy, where hormonal changes and increased weight can cause stress incontinence.

Other typical causes include aging, which causes the bladder muscle to lose its ability to hold and sustain urine, and menopause, which causes women to produce less estrogen, which is the hormone that keeps the lining of the bladder and urethra healthy and causes these tissues to deteriorate. Urinary incontinence can also result from neurological conditions such as Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, stroke, brain tumors, or spinal injuries that affect the nerve signals controlling bladder control.

Incontinence is not common, although it typically happens as people age. If the illness lasts for a long period or gets worse over time and interferes with daily activities, a visit to the doctor is necessary. Simple food and lifestyle adjustments, as well as exercise, can frequently treat the illness. Other strategies include maintaining a healthy weight and staying away from foods high in spice, alcohol, and acidic foods, which can irritate the bladder. But please do see our doctors if it continues to interfere with your everyday activities. At Marwar Zanana Hospital Hospitals, our expert staff will perform the necessary tests, determine the reason, and assist you in treating or managing it.

Medical Cessation of Fertility

For those who will soon become parents, finding out they are pregnant can be an exciting moment. However, there are situations where the mother's health is in danger, there could be difficulties, or there are other reasons why the pregnancy needs to end.

Here are some commonly asked questions about abortion along with their responses:

Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP): what is it?

The process of ending a pregnancy such that no child is born is commonly referred to as an abortion. Another name for it is "termination of pregnancy." A pregnancy termination carried out with specific medication is referred to as a medical termination of pregnancy (MTP).

Why do we need to perform MTP?

MTP may be carried out for certain purposes, including as

• • A pregnant woman's life is at jeopardy
• • fetal abnormalities present
• • the final stage of miscarriage
• • unintended pregnancy

Making the important decision to have an abortion can have an impact on the mother's physical and emotional well-being. Before making the major decision, speak with a trusted friend or family member and see your doctor.

How are abortions performed?

Depending on the gestational age, there are two methods for performing an abortion or MTP:

Medical Abortion: This type of abortion is performed before nine weeks of pregnancy and involves the use of particular medications to end the pregnancy. An MTP kit containing oral drugs will be provided to you. To achieve a complete abortion, your doctor will perform a thorough check one week after you start taking the MTP medication.

Surgical Abortion: If the pregnancy has progressed past nine weeks, a surgical termination may be necessary. Two varieties of surgical abortion exist:

Suction Method: This takes up to 15 weeks to complete.

Method of Dilatation and Evacuation, which can be used for up to 24 weeks

An MTP kit: what is it?

When a pregnancy is medically ended between 7 and 9 weeks of gestation, a kit known as an MTP kit is utilized. Mifepristone and misoprostol, two oral medicines, are included in the kit. The two medications work together to inhibit the progesterone required for pregnancy and to cause uterine contractions, which aid in the abortion process.

The MTP kit can cause a number of side effects, such as vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, and vaginal bleeding.

Who is qualified to perform an abortion?

The MTP procedure may be completed in compliance with the legislation by,

• • a licensed physician with at least 25 pregnancy terminations under their record
• • a surgeon with obstetrics and gynecology training
• • a gynecologist or obstetrician with at least three years of experience

Who can participate in MTP?

• • MTP is an option for women who wish to end an unintended pregnancy when it is still in the early stages, up to nine weeks.
• • Women may have an abortion for up to 24 weeks in India under specific conditions specified by law.

Who is incapable of undergoing MTP?

• • Individuals with anemia, blood problems, and seizures
• • Women whose pregnancies are too advanced (more than 20 weeks)
• • Ectopic pregnancy women
• • Individuals with hypertension, cardiac conditions, or kidney disorders
• • Women who use IUDs (intrauterine devices)

recuperation following MTP

Make sure you get plenty of rest after any medical or surgical abortions you may have had. In the event of significant vaginal bleeding, fever, vomiting, or other symptoms, see your gynecologist.

Does India allow medical abortions?

The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, which was approved by Parliament in August 1971, governs abortion rights in India.

The MTP Act allowed abortions under certain conditions, depending on professional medical judgment, and up to a gestational age of 20 weeks. Pregnancy termination by medical means may be permitted under the terms of this Act where,

• • Continuing the pregnancy could put the expectant mother's life in jeopardy
• • Maintaining the pregnancy could put the woman's physical and mental health at serious risk;
• • This pregnancy could result in a baby with physical or mental defects
• • According to the woman, the pregnancy was caused by rape, otherwise, it was brought on by the pregnant woman's or her husband's ineffective use of a contraceptive technique.

When a pregnancy is less than 12 weeks along and up to a gestational period of 20 weeks, a certified medical practitioner may perform an abortion under the supervision of two other qualified medical practitioners.

Under no circumstances may an abortion be performed without the pregnant woman's consent.

The 1971 Act was amended in 2002 to permit the use of abortion medicines with a doctor's advice.

The maximum amount of time for an abortion was raised from 20 to 24 weeks by the MTP (Amendment) Act, 2021. However, there will be restrictions on when this is permitted.

How much does a medically assisted pregnancy termination (MTP) cost?

Click here to find out more about the price of a medical termination of pregnancy (MTP). However, depending on a number of variables, the MTP cost may differ from person to person or case to case.

Make an appointment with one of our professionals right now by sending us an inquiry.

Contraception

Is it worthwhile to discuss contraception as it offers protection against unintended pregnancy and abortion in addition to serving as a means of family planning?

It's critical to have frank conversations about relationships, sex, and contraception. In India, 95–96% of people do not use contraception, and of those who do, just 5% are aware of its safety.

An extended level of protection against sexually transmitted infections is provided by certain contraceptive methods. Safe teenage sexual behavior is greatly influenced by contraceptive instruction.

Cancer in Gynecology

Changes to cervical cells that lead to cancer are known as precancerous diseases of the cervix and early cervical malignancies. It's not called cancer, this illness. But these aberrant alterations have the potential to develop into cervical cancer if they go untreated for a long time.

It typically appears in the "transformation zone," which is the region where columnar cells change into squamous cells. The cells become more vulnerable to the effects of HPV as a result of this process.

The majority of women who receive treatment for cervical precancerous diseases do well. Since it is impossible to determine which of them will progress to invasive cervical cancer, experts advise treating them as soon as a diagnosis is made.

Breast Cancer

Breast cancer: what is it?

Once the alterations known as mutations occur in the genes that control cell division, cancer results. The alterations caused the cell to split apart before rapidly proliferating. Breast cancer originates in the breast's ducts or lobules, depending on the type of breast cell. The glands that produce milk are called lobules, and the passageways that carry the milk from the glands to the nipple are called ducts. Additionally, fatty or fibrous connective tissue in your breast might harbor cancer.

Breast cancer symptoms and indicators

Breast cancer may not exhibit any symptoms in its early stages, but if a tumor is detectable, the first indication is the development of a new, nonexistent lump in the breast. But remember, not every bulge is cancerous.

A variety of symptoms are indicative of each form of breast cancer, some of which may be distinct from the others and many of which are identical. The most typical symptoms associated with breast cancers are as follows:

• • breast lump or thickening of the tissue that feels unusual in comparison to the surrounding tissue and feels fresh
• • Breast pain
• • skin that is red, pitted, or discolored on the breast
• • enlargement of your breasts, either fully or partially
• • other than breast milk, breast milk discharge
• • nipple discharge that is bloody
• • Skin on the breast or nipple flaking, scaling, or peeling
• • Unexpected and abrupt change in the breast's size or form
• • nipple inverted
• • Changes in breast skin appearance
• • swelling or lump beneath the arm

Identification of breast cancer

The doctor will perform a comprehensive physical examination on you in addition to a breast exam to ascertain whether the symptoms you are experiencing are related to breast cancer or another breast condition. Doctors perform the following tests to identify breast cancer:

• • Ultrasound
• • Mammography

Treatment for breast cancer

The physician will test the cancer's size, stage, and grade before continuing. The rate at which the cancer will develop and spread is indicative of its grade. Following this diagnosis, the physician will go over the following course of treatment:

• • Operation
• • Radiation treatment
• • chemotherapy
• • Hormone replacement treatment
• • Extra prescription drugs

Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is the medical word for cancer that develops in the cells of the lower section of the uterus that links to the vagina, or the cervix. Strains of the sexually transmitted virus known as the human papillomavirus (HPV) are crucial in the development of cervical cancer.

Your body's immune system launches a counterattack to stop HPV from doing any damage when it is exposed. But in a tiny percentage of cases, the virus continues to live for years and causes some cervical cells to develop into cancerous cells.

Signs and symptoms

The following symptoms may be present in the advanced stages of cervical cancer, however the early stages typically go undiagnosed and exhibit no signs or symptoms:

• • Vaginal bleeding during menstruation, after menopause, or after having intercourse
• • a vaginal discharge that is fluid, bloody, and smells bad
• • During intercourse, pelvic pain or discomfort

Reasons

The development of DNA mutations in healthy cervix cells is the first step in the initial build-up state of cervical cancer. A set of instructions that tell a cell what to do next is contained in its DNA. Although the actual cause of cervical cancer is yet unknown, HPV is undoubtedly a factor.

Although HPV is widespread, most infected individuals never go on to develop cancer. This indicates that the development of cervical cancer is also influenced by other variables, such as environmental factors or lifestyle decisions.

Factors at risk

• • several partners for sex
• • Early involvement in sexual relations
• • diseases spread by sex (STIs)
• • weakened immune system
• • habitual smoking

Avoidance

• • Consult your physician about the HPV vaccine. Vaccination against HPV can prevent infection and lower the incidence of HPV-related or cervical cancer.
• • Frequent Pap tests: Pap tests are useful in identifying cervix precancerous abnormalities, which helps prevent cervical cancer.
• • Safe sexual behavior: Using a condom or limiting the number of sexual partners to prevent STDs are two safe sexual behavior practices that can help prevent cervical cancer.
• • Give up smoking: If you currently don't smoke, that's great. If you do, speak with your doctor about effective ways to stop.

Planning a Family

Family Planning Types

• • Barrier techniques work by preventing sperm from attaching itself to the egg.
• • Hormonal techniques stop the woman's ovary from releasing an egg, hinder sperm from accessing the egg, and inhibit the womb lining from sustaining a pregnancy.
• • IUDs stop the woman's egg from being fertilized by the man's sperm.
• • A woman can determine her reproductive period naturally and avoid having intercourse at that time.
• • A man or a woman cannot conceive a kid via permanent techniques.